The Chief Minister’s Detailed Advisory: Stay Indoors, Save Lives

In a televised address and detailed government advisory released on April 24, Vijayan warned that prolonged exposure to extreme heat can lead to serious health complications, including dehydration, heat exhaustion, sunstroke, and death. He urged all residents to avoid unnecessary travel or outdoor work during the peak afternoon hours.

“If you feel symptoms of heatstroke — dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, confusion, or cessation of sweating — seek medical help immediately. Help others in distress by moving them to shade and cooling them with water,” the Chief Minister said, adding that “Kerala can overcome this crisis through coordinated public effort, just as we did during the pandemic.”

The comparison to Covid-19 was deliberate and striking. During the pandemic, Kerala was widely praised for its community-based response model, which relied on voluntary compliance, local government coordination, and proactive health infrastructure deployment. The state government appears to be deploying the same playbook against extreme heat.

Government Restrictions and Measures in Place

Beyond the voluntary self-lockdown appeal, the Kerala government has implemented several mandatory and advisory measures:

Outdoor events banned: All outdoor events, sports activities, parades, and fireworks have been prohibited during the 11 AM to 3 PM window. This includes school sports days, temple festivals, and commercial outdoor gatherings.

Work timings adjusted: State departments have been directed to modify work schedules, particularly for outdoor labour. Daytime employment guarantee work under MGNREGA has been suspended until further notice. Construction companies and agricultural operations have been advised to shift heavy outdoor work to early morning or late afternoon hours.

Worker protections: Special arrangements are being made to ensure drinking water availability, shade structures, and relief measures for outdoor workers, including traffic police personnel, sanitation workers, and delivery executives.

Healthcare mobilisation: Hospitals, primary health centres, and ambulance services have been placed on heightened alert. Additional stocks of ORS packets, IV fluids, and cooling equipment have been distributed to district hospitals. Special heat illness treatment protocols have been activated at all government medical facilities.

Fire risk warnings: Authorities have warned of increased fire risks amid the extreme dry conditions, with forest departments deploying additional fire watch teams in vulnerable areas across the Western Ghats.

IMD Heatwave Alert: Where Temperatures Are Highest

The India Meteorological Department’s alerts paint a concerning picture for Kerala, a state that typically enjoys temperatures between 28 and 35 degrees Celsius during summer:

Palakkad: The worst-hit district has recorded temperatures exceeding 41°C, driven by its geographical position as a gap in the Western Ghats that allows hot air from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka to funnel through. Palakkad has historically been Kerala’s hottest district, but current readings are 3 to 4 degrees above the seasonal norm.

Thrissur: Temperatures have crossed 40°C in the cultural capital of Kerala, affecting the region’s numerous temple festivals and cultural events that are typically held during the April-May season.

Kollam: Coastal Kollam recording temperatures above 40°C is particularly alarming, as the sea breeze that usually moderates coastal temperatures appears to have weakened this season.

The IMD has also issued yellow and orange alerts for Ernakulam, Alappuzha, and Malappuram districts, warning that temperatures could touch 39 to 40 degrees in the coming days. The broader heatwave pattern affecting north and central India is now clearly extending its reach into traditionally temperate southern states.

Kerala’s Heatwave Is Part of a National Emergency

Kerala’s distress is part of a nationwide heatwave that has gripped India since mid-April 2026. Delhi, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh have recorded temperatures exceeding 43°C, while states including Maharashtra (particularly Vidarbha), Odisha, and Chhattisgarh have been under sustained heatwave conditions for over a week.

What makes Kerala’s situation noteworthy is that the state is not traditionally associated with heatwave conditions. Kerala’s lush tropical climate, high humidity, and proximity to the Arabian Sea have historically kept temperatures within manageable limits. The fact that Vijayan felt compelled to invoke pandemic-era language to describe the situation reflects both the severity of the current heatwave and growing concern about climate change impacts on regions previously considered resilient.

Climate scientists have linked the intensity of India’s 2026 heatwave season to a combination of factors including residual El Niño effects, delayed monsoon onset patterns, urban heat island effects in rapidly growing cities, and the broader trend of global warming driving more frequent and intense extreme heat events across South Asia.

Health Impact: Rising Cases of Heatstroke and Dehydration

Kerala’s health department has reported a significant increase in heat-related hospital admissions since mid-April. While official state-wide figures are still being compiled, district-level reports indicate:

Palakkad District Hospital has treated more than 200 cases of heat-related illness in the past week alone, including 15 cases of severe heatstroke requiring ICU admission. Thrissur Medical College has similarly reported a surge in emergency department visits related to dehydration and heat exhaustion, particularly among elderly patients and outdoor workers.

Health experts are especially concerned about vulnerable populations — the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and those with pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory conditions. Kerala’s ageing population (the state has one of India’s highest proportions of residents over 60) makes it particularly susceptible to heat-related mortality.

The state’s relatively advanced healthcare infrastructure and high literacy rate are expected to aid the response, as public health messaging can reach a larger proportion of the population through digital and traditional media channels.

Economic and Social Impact

The heatwave and associated restrictions are having tangible economic consequences. Kerala’s tourism sector, which had a record-breaking year in 2025 with 2.58 crore visitors, is seeing cancellations and reduced footfall at outdoor attractions during the peak afternoon hours. Temple festivals, which drive significant economic activity in districts like Thrissur and Palakkad during April and May, face disruption from the ban on outdoor events.

Agricultural operations — particularly rubber tapping, coconut harvesting, and spice cultivation — have been severely affected. Farm workers’ unions have called for heat compensation allowances, arguing that the current minimum wage structure does not account for the health risks of working in extreme temperatures.

Looking Ahead: Relief Expected With Pre-Monsoon Showers

The IMD forecasts that some relief may arrive with pre-monsoon showers expected in the first week of May, though the full southwest monsoon is not expected to reach Kerala until early June. Until then, the state must manage what is increasingly being described as a public health emergency driven by climate change.

Kerala’s self-lockdown advisory — voluntary though it may be — sends a powerful signal about the seriousness of extreme heat as a public health threat. As India’s climate continues to warm, the measures adopted by Kerala in April 2026 may well become the template for how Indian states manage the increasingly dangerous summer months in the years ahead.

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1. Aam Panna — The Raw Mango Cooler

Region: Maharashtra, Gujarat, North India

Arguably India’s most beloved summer drink, aam panna is made from boiled raw mangoes blended with cumin, black salt, and jaggery. The drink is a natural remedy for heat stroke, rich in Vitamin C and iron, and the cumin aids digestion — crucial during summer when gut health is vulnerable.

Recipe: Boil 2 raw mangoes until soft. Peel and extract the pulp. Blend with ½ cup jaggery (or to taste), 1 tsp roasted cumin powder, ½ tsp black salt, a pinch of black pepper, and fresh mint leaves. Add chilled water and serve over ice. Yields 4 glasses.

2. Sattu Sharbat — Bihar’s Protein Powerhouse

Region: Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern UP

Sattu — made from roasted black chickpea (chana) flour — is the original Indian protein shake. A glass of sattu sharbat provides 20 grams of plant protein, keeps you full for hours, and is remarkably cooling. It’s the drink of choice for farmers and labourers in Bihar who work through 45°C summer days.

Recipe: Mix 3 tablespoons sattu flour in a glass of cold water. Add juice of half a lemon, ½ tsp roasted cumin powder, ½ tsp black salt, chopped green chilli (optional), and fresh coriander. Stir well — do not blend. Serve immediately. For the sweet version, substitute lemon and salt with 2 tsp jaggery or sugar.

3. Kokum Sharbat — Goa’s Cooling Gem

Region: Goa, Maharashtra, Konkan Coast

Kokum (Garcinia indica) is a deep purple fruit native to India’s western coast. Kokum sharbat is anti-inflammatory, aids digestion, and has a unique sweet-sour flavour that is instantly refreshing. Ayurvedic practitioners consider it one of the best natural coolants.

Recipe: Soak 10-12 dried kokum petals in 2 cups of warm water for 30 minutes. Strain and add 3 tbsp sugar (or jaggery), ½ tsp roasted cumin, and a pinch of black salt. Mix with cold water, add ice, and garnish with mint. The syrup concentrate can be refrigerated for a week.

4. Bel Sharbat (Wood Apple) — The Ayurvedic Classic

Region: North India, UP, Madhya Pradesh

Bel (wood apple or Aegle marmelos) has been used in Ayurveda for thousands of years as a digestive and cooling agent. Bel sharbat is particularly effective for preventing summer diarrhoea and dehydration. As covered in India’s Regional Cuisines Go Global: How Traditional Recipes Are Winning Internati…, gut health is a critical concern during Indian summers.

Recipe: Scoop out the pulp of 1 ripe bel fruit. Soak in water for 20 minutes, then mash and strain through a sieve. Add 2 tbsp sugar, a pinch of black salt, and mix with chilled water. Serve with ice. The fibrous pulp is edible and adds texture.

5. Jaljeera — The Street-Side Elixir

Region: Pan-India (especially North India)

No Indian summer is complete without jaljeera — literally “cumin water.” This tangy, spicy drink is India’s answer to the Western digestif, and it’s available from every street vendor and home kitchen across the country. It stimulates appetite, settles the stomach, and provides essential minerals lost through sweat.

Recipe: Blend 2 tsp cumin seeds, 1 tsp black pepper, ½ tsp dry ginger, 10 mint leaves, 2 tsp dry mango powder (amchur), ½ tsp black salt, and a pinch of asafoetida with 3 cups water. Strain and serve over ice with a garnish of fresh coriander and boondi.

6. Thandai — The Festive Cooler

Region: Rajasthan, UP, Madhya Pradesh

While thandai is traditionally associated with Holi, its cooling properties make it perfect for the entire summer. Made with a paste of almonds, melon seeds, fennel, rose petals, and cardamom blended into cold milk, thandai is rich in minerals and healthy fats that sustain energy during hot days.

Recipe: Soak overnight: 15 almonds, 2 tbsp melon seeds, 1 tbsp poppy seeds, 10 black peppercorns, 1 tsp fennel seeds. Grind to a paste with cardamom and saffron. Mix into 2 glasses of chilled milk with sugar to taste. Garnish with crushed pistachios and rose petals.

7. Phalsa Sharbat — The Forgotten Berry

Region: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana

Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), a small dark-purple berry available only in May and June, makes one of India’s most delicious and medicinally potent summer drinks. Rich in anthocyanins and Vitamin C, phalsa sharbat lowers body temperature and is recommended by traditional healers for treating sunstroke.

Recipe: Crush 1 cup phalsa berries and strain through a muslin cloth. Add 2 tbsp sugar, a pinch of black salt, and ½ tsp roasted cumin. Mix with chilled water and serve immediately — phalsa oxidises quickly. This seasonal treat pairs beautifully with the recipes you’ll find in India’s Nutrition Landscape 2026: From Biofortified Crops to the Battle Against Ul….

8. Chaas (Spiced Buttermilk) — The Daily Staple

Region: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Pan-India

No list of Indian summer drinks is complete without chaas — spiced buttermilk that is consumed daily in millions of Indian households from March through September. Chaas is probiotic, promotes gut health, replenishes electrolytes lost through sweat, and is essentially India’s oldest functional beverage.

Recipe: Whisk 1 cup fresh yoghurt with 2 cups cold water until frothy. Add ½ tsp roasted cumin, a pinch of asafoetida, black salt, curry leaves, and chopped fresh coriander. For a Gujarati twist, add a small piece of grated ginger and a slit green chilli.

9. Gulab Sharbat — Rose Water Elegance

Region: Lucknow, Kashmir, Hyderabad

Gulab (rose) sharbat is the epitome of Mughal culinary elegance. Made with rose syrup, cold milk or water, and sabja (basil) seeds, this pink-hued drink is both visually stunning and therapeutically cooling. Rose water has anti-anxiety properties and sabja seeds expand in water to provide a sense of fullness.

Recipe: Soak 1 tbsp sabja seeds in water for 15 minutes. Combine 3 tbsp rose syrup (Rooh Afza or homemade) with cold milk or water. Add the soaked sabja seeds, ice cubes, and a squeeze of lemon. Garnish with dried rose petals and serve in tall glasses.

10. Nannari Sharbat — South India’s Secret Weapon

Region: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala

Nannari (Indian sarsaparilla) is South India’s answer to the North Indian summer drink tradition. The root extract produces a dark, fragrant syrup that is blood-purifying, cooling, and detoxifying according to Siddha medicine. During Tamil Nadu’s fierce April-May heat, nannari sharbat is ubiquitous at roadside stalls and family gatherings.

Recipe: Add 2-3 tbsp nannari syrup (available at South Indian grocery stores) to a glass of cold water or milk. Add ice, a squeeze of lemon, and sabja seeds. The syrup can be homemade by boiling nannari root in water with sugar, but the commercial version is widely available and convenient.

Why Traditional Drinks Beat Commercial Beverages

In an era of packaged energy drinks and electrolyte powders, these traditional beverages offer something industrial products cannot: a combination of hydration, nutrition, and medicinal benefits refined over centuries of practice. Each drink is tailored to India’s specific climate and dietary traditions, using locally available ingredients that are fresh, affordable, and free of artificial additives.

As the 2026 heatwave intensifies, turning to these Food & Recipes is not just nostalgia — it’s science. For more seasonal food content and wellness tips, explore India’s Street Food Goes Premium: How Chaat Cafés and Michelin-Trained Vendors Are….

Follow DailyTips.in for seasonal recipes, food trends, and nutrition advice throughout the year.

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This is not just a weather story — it’s a public health emergency, an economic crisis in the making, and a stark reminder that climate change is no longer a future threat for India. It is the present. For Environment, these developments represent the most urgent environmental challenge facing the nation this summer.

IMD’s Alarming Forecast: Where the Heat Is Worst

The IMD’s latest bulletin, issued on the morning of April 20, identifies western Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha (eastern Maharashtra), and Chhattisgarh as the epicentres of the current heatwave, with severe heat conditions expected to persist until at least April 23. Eastern Uttar Pradesh, eastern Rajasthan, and eastern Madhya Pradesh are under heatwave alerts specifically for April 20-21.

In Rajasthan, the desert city of Churu recorded 44.2°C on April 19 — the highest temperature anywhere in India so far this season. Delhi’s Safdarjung observatory, the official weather station for the capital, recorded 41.8°C on April 19, making it the earliest 40°C-plus reading in Delhi since 2022. Nagpur, in Maharashtra’s Vidarbha region, hit 43.5°C, prompting the Gondia district administration to take the extraordinary step of shutting down traffic signals during peak afternoon hours to prevent heat-related accidents.

The IMD has also warned that northwest India, including Delhi-NCR, Punjab, and Haryana, will see a gradual temperature escalation through April 25, with peak temperatures potentially reaching 45°C in isolated pockets of Rajasthan and western UP. Related: CSIR and IITs Lead India’s Push for Scientific Self-Reliance with

El Niño’s Lingering Shadow: Why 2026 Is Different

The 2025-26 El Niño event, which peaked in December 2025 with sea surface temperature anomalies of +1.8°C in the equatorial Pacific, has weakened but not dissipated. The IMD’s Climate Research and Services division confirmed on April 15 that “weak El Niño conditions” are likely to persist through June 2026, which has two critical implications for India.

First, El Niño typically suppresses pre-monsoon rainfall in India, reducing the moisture content in the atmosphere that normally provides some relief from spring heat. March 2026 saw 35 percent below-normal rainfall across India, according to IMD data. This means soil moisture is already depleted heading into summer. Second, El Niño events are historically associated with delayed monsoon onset in India. The IMD has projected the monsoon to arrive in Kerala by June 3, which is slightly later than the average date of June 1. For Science & Space, this means continued scrutiny of climate patterns and their impact on India’s environment.

However, even more concerning is the interaction between El Niño and long-term climate change. A study published in Nature Climate Change in February 2026, co-authored by researchers from IIT Delhi and the Potsdam Institute, found that heatwave intensity in India has increased by 0.5°C per decade since 2000, with El Niño years amplifying the effect by an additional 1.2°C. “What we’re seeing in April 2026 is not just El Niño — it’s El Niño superimposed on a warming baseline,” said Dr. Raghu Murtugudde of IIT Bombay.

Human Cost: Heat-Related Deaths, Hospital Surges, and Labour Impacts

India’s heatwaves are not just uncomfortable — they are deadly. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) reported that heat-related deaths in India reached 3,245 in 2025, the highest on record, and 2026 is on pace to exceed that grim milestone. In the first three weeks of April alone, at least 47 suspected heat-related deaths have been reported across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, though officials caution that the actual number is likely much higher due to underreporting.

Hospitals in affected regions are reporting sharp spikes in heat exhaustion and heatstroke cases. Safdarjung Hospital in Delhi admitted 312 patients with heat-related symptoms between April 10-19, a 60 percent increase over the same period last year. Outdoor workers — construction labourers, agricultural workers, street vendors, and delivery personnel — bear the brunt, as India lacks comprehensive national legislation mandating heat-hour work restrictions. As explored in Indian Scientists Discover New Fungal Species: Expanding Frontier, the intersection of environment and public health is becoming a critical policy frontier.

Urban Heat Islands: Why Cities Are Suffering More

India’s cities are experiencing temperatures 3-5°C higher than surrounding rural areas, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. A 2026 study by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) in Delhi found that the UHI effect in Delhi has intensified by 25 percent since 2015, driven by rapid concretization, loss of green cover, and increasing density of air-conditioned buildings (which pump heat outdoors).

The study found that areas like Connaught Place, Chandni Chowk, and South Extension in Delhi recorded surface temperatures up to 52°C during peak afternoon hours in April 2025, even when the ambient air temperature was ‘only’ 43°C. “The surface temperature is what matters for pedestrians, street workers, and children,” said CSE Director General Sunita Narain. “At 52°C, touching a metal railing can cause burns.”

Government Response: NDMA Guidelines and State-Level Actions

The NDMA activated its Heat Action Plan on April 1, earlier than the usual April 15 activation date, signalling awareness of the elevated risk. The plan mandates that state governments maintain cool-water stations at public locations, restrict outdoor construction work between 12 PM and 3 PM during heatwave alerts, issue colour-coded (yellow, orange, red) warnings through mobile phone alerts, and ensure hospitals stock oral rehydration salts and IV fluids. Coverage of related infrastructure developments: Bharatiya Antariksh Station: India’s Space Station Programme Take

Several states have gone further. Rajasthan declared a “heat emergency” on April 18, authorising district collectors to shut schools and restrict outdoor gatherings. Odisha, which lost 77 people to heatstroke in 2024, has deployed mobile medical units in 14 districts. Telangana mandated that all new commercial buildings must incorporate white or reflective roofing — a low-cost measure that can reduce indoor temperatures by 2-3°C.

Looking Ahead: May and June Could Be Worse

Climate scientists warn that the current heatwave is likely just the opening act. May and June — the peak pre-monsoon months — are expected to bring even more extreme temperatures, with the IMD’s seasonal outlook projecting above-normal temperatures across most of India through June 2026. The combination of El Niño persistence, below-normal pre-monsoon rainfall, and the long-term warming trend suggests that India may be heading into one of its most challenging summers on record.

For India’s 1.4 billion people, the message is urgent: the heatwave is here, it’s early, and it’s not going away soon. The actions taken by governments, employers, and individuals in the next eight weeks will determine whether 2026’s heat season is managed — or whether it becomes a catastrophe.

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The IMD has issued mixed weather alerts across the country for the week beginning 12 April, with severe heat conditions in the Deccan Plateau and parts of Rajasthan, while unseasonal thunderstorm activity is expected in northeastern India and Bengal. The divergent weather patterns reflect the increasing unpredictability that climate scientists have associated with rising global temperatures.

Temperatures Running Ahead of Schedule

Parts of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and interior Maharashtra have recorded maximum temperatures exceeding 42 degrees Celsius in the first two weeks of April, readings typically associated with peak May heat. The coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, which normally benefit from sea breezes, are reporting temperatures 3 to 4 degrees above normal, reducing the traditional temperature gap between coastal and interior regions.

Rajasthan’s desert districts continue to lead the national temperature charts, with Churu, Barmer and Jaisalmer crossing 44 degrees. Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and parts of Odisha have also reported above-normal temperatures. The IMD forecasts that these conditions will persist through April and intensify into May, with the peak heat season expected to extend later into June than in previous years.

India’s 2025 summer was already one of the five hottest on record, and early indications suggest 2026 may surpass it. The pattern is consistent with the World Meteorological Organisation’s assessment that global temperatures continue to trend upward, with particular intensity in South Asian and Middle Eastern regions where the combination of extreme heat and high humidity creates dangerous conditions for outdoor workers.

Energy Grid Under Double Pressure

The heatwave arrives at a particularly challenging moment for India’s energy infrastructure. The government has confirmed that it “successfully met the country’s peak electricity demand” during the initial April heat surge, but the coming weeks will test the grid further. India’s peak power demand, driven by air conditioning and cooling loads, has been rising by approximately 8 to 10 per cent annually.

Compounding the challenge is the ongoing Strait of Hormuz crisis, which has disrupted global oil supply chains. Brent crude prices have remained above $100 per barrel since March 2026, after peaking at $126 earlier in the year. Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri is set to visit Qatar amid concerns over gas supply security, with India finalising an oil and gas supply agreement with Mauritius as part of diversification efforts.

Coal India has announced plans to conduct e-auctions for 2.56 crore tonnes of coal in April, a move designed to ensure thermal power plants have sufficient fuel stocks. The government has also begun reviewing petrochemical supply chains and LPG availability amid concerns that prolonged West Asia conflict could affect household cooking fuel distribution.

Health Risks and Vulnerable Populations

Heatwave-related health risks are a growing concern. India recorded over 700 confirmed heat-related deaths in 2024, with the actual toll believed to be significantly higher due to underreporting in rural areas. Construction workers, agricultural labourers, street vendors and delivery personnel face the highest risk of heatstroke, dehydration and heat exhaustion during extended outdoor exposure.

The healthcare system is bracing for increased emergency admissions. AIIMS Delhi and other major hospitals have activated summer heat protocols, including extended hours for heat-related emergency departments and public awareness campaigns on hydration and early symptom recognition.

State governments in Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have issued advisories urging citizens to avoid outdoor activity between 11 AM and 4 PM, carry water at all times and seek immediate medical attention for symptoms including confusion, dizziness, rapid heartbeat and cessation of sweating. Schools in several districts have adjusted examination schedules and shift timings to reduce student exposure to peak afternoon heat.

India’s Climate Response and Renewable Push

The recurring intensity of India’s heatwave seasons has accelerated the government’s climate and renewable energy push. Budget 2026 allocated $2.2 billion for carbon capture technology as part of a broader strategy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. India’s renewable energy capacity has grown significantly, with solar and wind installations contributing a record share of the electricity mix.

However, the gap between renewable ambition and current reality remains wide. Coal still accounts for approximately 55 per cent of India’s electricity generation, and the combination of peak summer demand and constrained global fuel supplies creates a vulnerability that renewables alone cannot yet address. The government has also begun exploring reduced dependence on LPG by promoting induction cooking at household level, a structural shift that could reduce India’s exposure to imported energy volatility.

Union Minister Nitin Gadkari has noted that the construction sector is “becoming more technology-driven,” with heat-resistant building materials and passive cooling design gaining attention from developers building new housing projects across the country.

Urban Heat Islands Compound the Problem

India’s rapid urbanisation has created heat island effects in major cities where concrete, asphalt and dense construction absorb and re-radiate solar energy, pushing local temperatures 3 to 5 degrees above surrounding rural areas. Cities like Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad experience night-time temperatures that remain dangerously high, preventing the body from recovering during sleep. Urban planners and municipal authorities are being urged to increase green cover, deploy reflective roofing materials and create designated cooling centres in public buildings where vulnerable residents can find relief during peak heat hours. As India enters what promises to be a difficult summer, the intersection of climate, energy and public health has never been more urgent.

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